Bowdoin College
Rel233: Portraits of Jesus
Lecture Outline: Imperial Christianity

-how did Christianity become a global religion?
 
1.  Constantine (reigns 306-337 AD)
 a) biographical details
 b) conversion in 312 at the Battle of Milvian Bridge
  -the power of the Chi Rho symbol
 c) our sources for Constantine: Eusebius of Caesarea (260-339 AD), author of  (inter alia) the Life of Constantine.

2. Constantineís policies
 a) against paganism
 b) in support of Christianity

3. Constantineís accomplishments
 a) convokes a church council: Council of Nicaea in 325 AD
  -a synod of bishops, an ìecumenicalî council to agree on matters of Christology, particularly concerning the nature of the Trinity
  -designed to refute the doctrine of Arius
  -formulation of a creed, that the father is ìconsubstantialî with the father or of the same essence (homoousios)
 b) establishment of Constantinople (330 AD)
 c) building campaigns
  -basilicas: St. John Lateran. Rome
   -St. Peterís, Rome
   -Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
   -Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem

4.  Justinian (reigns 527-265 AD)
 a) historical context
 b) biographical information
 
5.  Justinianís accomplishments
  a) Justinianic reconquest
   -twin aims:  i) restoring the empire
     ii) championing orthodoxy against the Arians
  b) building campaigns
   -Church of Santa Sophia (Hagia Sofya), Istanbul

6. Some Long-term Repercussions of Imperial Christianity
 a) clarification and codification of Christianity
  -church councils hammer out the nature of Jesus
 b) an enhanced sense of Christian identity (development of an orthodoxy) but at a  price: factionalism and violence
 c) blurring of distinctions between church and state
  -development of a theocracy
 d) Christianity and the rise of Christian triumphalism
  -change in Christian art: Christ as Pantocrator
 
-where is Jesusí message?