RELIGION 212:
Religions
of the Western World: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Rutgers, the
State University of New Jersey, Fall Semester 2001
Section 3,
Tuesday and Friday, 8:10-9:30 am; Scott Hall 105
Instructor: Annette Yoshiko Reed
E-mail: areed@princeton.edu
(preferred method of contact)
Office Hours: Tuesday, 9:30 am to 12:00
noon , Loree 116 (Douglass Campus), or by appointment
Telephone: 732-932-2106
(Voice-mail) or 609-258-6207
Course
Website: http://www.annettereed.com/rutgers/
This
course aims to introduce students to the three major religious traditions of
the Western world: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. One could easily dedicate
a whole course to each religion (and, indeed, to nearly every era, event, and
thinker that we will survey!). In my choice of topics and sources, I have
attempted to forefront what these three Abrahamic religions uniquely share and
to explore the significance of the cultural, intellectual, and spiritual
heritage of these three religions--not only for present-day Jews, Christians,
and Muslims--but also for Western civilization more broadly.
Each
religion, as we will see, appeals to tradition and history in order to
articulate their relationship with the divine. Hence, each of our sections will
proceed chronologically; in the process of tracing the long and rich histories
of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, we will examine the beliefs and practices
that became central and definitive for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. We will
begin with the ancient heritage of each religion (scriptures; founders; early
institutions). Then, we will explore how these foundational traditions were
preserved and re-invigorated in response to centuries of social change and
critical moments of political upheaval. Most significant, in this regard, is
the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim encounter with their respective holy
Scriptures--as generation after generation of believers have attempted to
understand the revealed words of God, to proclaim their continual relevance for
all places and all times, and to inscribe them upon their bodies and hearts
through prayer, worship, and daily life.
Required Texts:
Required texts that are available for purchase at
the Rutgers University Bookstore:
v Course
Packet
v
Willard Oxtoby, ed., World Religions: Western Traditions
(Oxford University Press, 1996).
Other required readings (e.g., selections from the
Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and Koran) will be accessible from the course
website: http://www.annettereed.com/rutgers/.
Especially for the primary sources (marked by * in the syllabus), students are
encouraged to print out the on-line texts and bring them to class. Links to
Internet resources and copies of in-class handouts can also be found on the
site.
In addition, the
following materials have been placed on Reserve:
v Barry
Holtz, ed., Back to the Sources: Reading the Classic Jewish Texts (New
York: Summit Books, 1984).
v Caroline
Walker Bynum, Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food
to Medieval Women (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987)
v F.
E. Peters, A Reader on Classical Islam (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1994).
Course Requirements:
1. Three In-class Quizzes
(30% of final grade): On the final day of each section (i.e., October 2;
October 30; December 4), we will set aside 15-20 minutes for in-class quizzes.
Anyone who carefully completes the required reading and attends all the
lectures should have little problem with these quizzes; they will consist mainly
of short-answer definitions of key terms and figures, which will test your
mastery of basic knowledge from the readings and lectures. We will be covering
quite a lot of material in this course, so the better that you prepare for
these quizzes, the easier it will be for you to study for the final exam!
2. Two Short Papers
(20% of final grade): Students will be required to submit two short papers (3-4
pages), dedicated to analyzing primary sources. You are free to choose any
primary source from among the syllabus assignments (primary sources are marked
by asterisks [*]). The two papers, however, must treat sources from two
different religious traditions (i.e. Judaism and Christianity; Judaism and
Islam; or Christianity and Islam). Papers on texts from our Judaism section
must be submitted by October 9; papers on texts from our Christianity section,
by November 6; and papers on texts from our Islam section, by December 11.
Further instructions will be distributed in the second week of class.
3. Final Examination
(40% of final grade): The final exam will be a take-home and will be
cumulative. The exam will consist of a combination of [a] short-answer
questions, which will test for familiarity with the basic concepts of each
religious tradition (i.e., just like the three quizzes in form and content),
and [b] two or three essay questions, whose scope will be more synthetic and
comparative (i.e., asking you to explore shared themes in Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam, as well as important points of contrast and conflict
between them). We will discuss the exact expectations for the exam throughout
the semester, as well as in our Review Session on the last day of class
(December 11).
4. Class Participation
(10% of final grade): In addition, students are expected to attend every class
meeting (i.e., you should inform me ahead of time if you will be unable to
attend a session) and actively participate in our discussions about the
assigned readings. Please be advised that the wide scope of this course makes
the thorough preparation of assignments especially important -- not only to
gain familiarity with the beliefs, history, and practices of each religious
tradition, but also to lay the foundation for further reflection about the
wider issues raised by the study of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Schedule of Assignments:
Tuesday,
September 4 - Studying "Religion" and
"Religions"
Friday,
September 7 - The Covenant, the Temple,
and the Land of Israel
*Genesis 12, 15 [Course Website]
*Exodus 19-20 [Course Website]
*2 Samuel 7 [Course Website]
Segal, 13-42 [Oxtoby]
Tuesday,
September 11 - The Bible as Scripture
*Genesis 16-17; 21:1-21; 22:1-19 [Course Website]
*Nehemiah 9
[Course Website]
*Jubilees 11-12; 15
[Course Website]
*Josephus, Antiquities I.7-8; 13 [Course
Website]
Kugel, Traditions of the Bible, 1-19 [Packet]
Levenson, Death and Resurrection, 173-99 [Packet]
Friday,
September 14 - The Oral Torah: Mishnah,
Talmud, Midrash
*Pirke Avot 1 [Course
Website]
*b. Baba Metzia 59a-b
[Course Website]
*Bereshit Rabbah
1.1, 1.4 [Course Website]
Goldenberg,
"Talmud" in Back to the
Sources, 129-58 [Reserve]
Segal, 58-80 [Oxtoby]
Jay Treat, "The
Aqedah: Examples of Midrashic Interpretation" [Course Website]
Tuesday,
September 18 – Class cancelled for Rosh Hashanah
Friday,
September 21 - Medieval Innovations:
Philosophy, Commentary, Kabbalah
*Zohar, Section 1,
pp. 3b-4a [Course Website]
Greenstein,
"Medieval Bible Commentaries" in Back
to the Sources, 213-42 [Reserve]
Segal, 80-101 [Oxtoby]
Jay Treat, "The
Aqedah: Examples of Mystical Interpretation" [Course Website]
Tuesday,
September 25 - Sanctifying Time
*Genesis 1:1-2:3; Exodus
12; Leviticus 23 [Course Website]
*Heschel, Sabbath, 3-10, 95-101 [Packet]
*Soloveitchik, Halakhic Man, 100-9, 117-23
[Packet]
Mintz, "Prayer and
the Prayerbook" in Back to
the Sources, 403-26 [Reserve]
Segal, 101-123 [Oxtoby]
Friday,
September 28 - What is Judaism? The Haskala and the Quest for Reform
*The Jew in the Modern World,
155-61, 186-88, 194-202 [Packet]
*Buber, "Judaism and
the Jews," 11-21 [Packet]
Segal, 123-43 [Oxtoby]
Tuesday,
October 2 - Who is a Jew? The New
Challenges of a New World
*Plaskow, "Standing Again
at Sinai," 28-33 [Packet]
*Plaskow, "Beyond
Egalitarianism," 79-81 [Packet]
*Plaskow, "It is not in
Heaven," 39-40 [Packet]
*"Symposium: What do American Jews
Believe?" Commentary 1996
[Course Website]
Friday,
October 5 - From Jesus to Christ to
Logos
*Mark 1; 8:27-38; 13:1-37; 14:12-25; 15:33-39
[Course Website]
*Matthew 1-2; 13:1-53; 10:1-15; 15:1-20 [Course
Website]
*Luke 1-3 [Course Website]
*John 1:1-18; 3:1-21; 8:31-59; 14:1-14 [Course
Website]
Oxtoby, 202-14 [Oxtoby]
Jaroslav Pelikan, "Jesus as Rabbi"
[Course Website]
Tuesday,
October 9 - Paul, the Gentiles, and the
Jews
*Matthew 5-7, esp.
5:17-48 [Course Website]
*Acts 1-2 [Course
Website]
*Galatians 2; Acts
15:1-29 [Course Website]
*Letter of Peter to James
[Course Website]
Gager, "Paul's
Friends and Enemies," 174-91 [Packet]
Friday,
October 12 - Verus Israel: Scripture and Supercessionism
*Romans 4-5 [Course
Website]
*Galatians 3:6-29;
4:21-31 [Course Website]
*Hebrews 11 [Course
Website]
Levenson, Death and Resurrection of the Beloved Son,
200-19 [Packet]
Siker, Disinheriting the Jews, 163-98
[Packet]
Tuesday,
October 16 - Martyrdom,
Sacrament, and Christian Identity
*Ignatius, Letter to the Romans, esp. 3,
5-6 [Course Website]
*Justin Martyr, First Apology, 1-6 [Course
Website]
*Didache, 7-10 [Course
Website]
*Acts of Paul and Thecla
[Course Website]
Pagels, Adam, Eve, and the Serpent,
32-56 [Packet]
Oxtoby, 219-223 [Oxtoby]
Friday,
October 19 - From
Persecuted to Powerful
*Eusebius, Life of Constantine 24-31
[Course Website]
*Nicene Creed [Course
Website]
Oxtoby, 224-27, 231-44,
246-47 [Oxtoby]
Tuesday,
October 23 - Gender and the Body in
Medieval Christianity
*Julian of Norwich, Book of Showings, 3, 5, 59
[Course Website]
Bynum, Holy Feast, Holy Fast, 13-30,
219-37 [Reserve]
Oxtoby, 250-52, 273-77
[Oxtoby]
Friday,
October 26 - The Protestant Reformation
and the Age of Reason
*Martin Luther, "95
Theses" [Course Website]
*Martin Luther's account
of his own conversion [Course Website]
*John Calvin, "Grace
and Salvation" [Course Website]
Chadwick, The Reformation, 11-39 [Packet]
Cragg, Church and the Age of Reason,
279-84 [Packet]
Tuesday,
October 30 - (Post-)Modern Challenges and Opportunities
*Bonhoeffer,
"Religionless Christianity," 347-48, 352-57 [Packet]
*King,
"Theology--For What?" 384-88 [Packet]
Vidler, Church in an Age of Revolution,
211-22, 269-80 [Packet]
Friday,
November 2 - Islam among the
"Religions of the Book"
*Koran, Suras 1, 3, 4, 6
[Course Website]
*Peters, Reader on Classical Islam, 8-23
[Reserve]
Ayoub, 353-67 [Oxtoby]
Murata and Chittick, Vision of Islam, xiv-xxxix
[Packet]
Tuesday,
November 6 - The Koran as Revelation
*Koran, Suras 53, 87, 89,
96, 98 [Course Website]
*Selections from The Life of Muhammad, 56-67
[Packet]
Ayoub, 367-76 [Oxtoby]
Friday,
November 9 - The Koran as Worship
*Koran, Suras 2, 22
[Course Website]
Ayoub, 376-86 [Oxtoby]
Murata and Chittick, Vision of Islam, 8-27 [Packet]
Tuesday,
November 13 – Sunni and Shi'i
*Peters, Reader on Classical Islam,
109-24, 133-40 [Reserve]
Ayoub, 386-404 [Oxtoby]
Friday,
November 16 – Sacred Law and Islamic Jurisprudence
*Peters, Reader on Classical Islam,
212-19 [Reserve]
Ayoub, 404-17 [Oxtoby]
Tuesday, November 20 – Class cancelled for SBL/AAR
Annual Meeting
Friday, November 23 -
No class, Thanksgiving Break
Tuesday,
November 27 – Medieval Philosophy,
Theology, and Mysticism
*Doctrine of the Sufis, 5-11,
21-24 [Packet]
*Peters, Reader on Classical Islam,
330-39 [Reserve]
*Jalal ad-Din Rumi, Poems
from the Divan-I Shams-I Tabriz
[Course Website]
*Ibn Rushd (Averroës), On the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy,
introduction and section on fate and predestination [Course Website]
Ayoub, 417-44 [Oxtoby]
Friday,
November 30 - Conquest and Conversion
*Peters, Reader on Classical Islam,
99-105 [Reserve]
Ayoub, 449-67 [Oxtoby]
Tuesday,
December 4 - Continuity and Change
*Modern Qumranic
Exegesis: Muhammad ‘Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Rida on Sura 4:3 [Course Website]
*Yusuf al-Qaradawi,
"Voice of a Woman in Islam" [Course Website]
Ayoub, 467-85 [Oxtoby]
Murata and Chittick, Vision of Islam, 321-35 [Packet]
Friday,
December 7 - Conclusions: The Children of
Abraham in Conflict and Dialogue
Oxtoby, 531-56 [Oxtoby]
Tuesday,
December 11 - Final Exam Review Session